The Complex systems no. 4 (13) 2014

Basic researches
SCIENTIFIC VIEW ON GLOBAL PROBLEMS
Surikov V.V. 
Abstract. The article examines the most pressing global issues, seems quite real threat to the survival of civilization. It is noted that all the factual sources of information - the media (the media), popular science magazines and books, and even more so, research papers and books, differing in the degree of authenticity and depth, are united in one thing: the worsening situation all the more hope for rapid problem solving smaller. Natural science approach relies on its main and most objective criterion of truth - the experiment. The article notes that the root of the emergence and development of global issues related to the inability of the human brain to predict the behavior of complex nonlinear systems. Fortunately, mathematical models and physical laws allow a person to understand the essence of contemporary issues and fairly reasonably predict our near future if the present trend of development. And made basic recommendations for overcoming the crisis.
Keywords: complex system, thermodynamics, entropy, globalization, the blow-up regimes, self-organization, synergetics, world-system, the biosphere

New ideas, approaches
THE WAVE–PARTICLE DUALITY. THE PHYSICAL ASPECT
Boldyreva L.B.
Abstract. The aim of the paper is to show that there is a physical process which could underlie the wave–particle duality. It is shown that the wave properties of a quantum entity are due to precession of spin of pair of virtual particles created by the quantum entity in the physical vacuum. Analogies were revealed between the spin precession frequency of pair of virtual particles and the wave function frequency, between the size of the electric dipole produced by a pair of virtual particles and the wave function wavelength, and also between the precession angle of spin of pair of virtual particles and the wave function phase. It is shown that quantum correlations of quantum entities may be caused by spin correlations (by spin supercurrents) between virtual particles created by quantum entities in the physical vacuum.
Keywords: wave–particle duality, matter waves, quantum electric dipole moment, wave function frequency, wave function wavelength, virtual particles. quantum correlations, spin supercurrent.
PECULIARITIS OF GLACIERS FLUCTUATIONS OF ATLANTIC ARCTIC
(END OF XIX - BEGINNING OF XXI CENTURIES.)
Zakharov V.G.
Abstract. A long-term series of the evolution of glaciers in Greenland, Iceland, Spitsbergen and Novaya Zemlya in 1890-1980 were continued on glaciological data 1980-2000's. It is shown that during the XX-th century in the fluctuations of glaciers Atlantic Arctic (just like in Antarctic) periodicity was manifested equal on the average of 18.6 years variability of luni-solar tidal forces. The most significant retreat of glaciers in the Arctic occurred during zonal circulation epoch of the Northern Hemisphere (1916-1956). In the 1980s - 1990s years of the meridional southern epoch of atmospheric circulation the surges of Greenland, Iceland and Spitsbergen glaciers were resumed, and on Novaya Zemlya and Zemlya Frantsa - Iosifa the slowdown in the rate of reduction of glaciations was observed. These events occurred against the background of a sharp increase in cyclonic activity in the North Atlantic and the Arctic basin during the winter and summer seasons.
Keywords: glacier, edge fluctuation, surge, retreat, luni-solar tide, circulation epoch.

Experiments, opening, practice
CONNECTION BETWEEN THE RUSSIA DISASTERS IN 2013 AND 2014 AND THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULAIION
Kononova N.K.
Abstract. Meteorologically caused by natural disasters (floods, landslides, mudflows) in different regions of Russia (in the Northern Caucasus, the Altai, the Far East, Buryatia, Magadan region) that occurred in 2013-2014 and their connection with the last character of the atmospheric circulation in the Northern Hemisphere are considered. It is noted that typical for this time maximum for the entire observation period interlatitudinal exchange of air masses and leads to the maximum frequency and intensity due to meteorologically dangerous natural processes, including at the same time developing in different regions. This requires more attention to the condition of waterworks and the constant readiness of relevant services to extreme developments.
Keywords: precipitation, floods, landslides, mudflows, atmospheric circulation, Russia, the Northern Hemisphere.

Debatable aspects
STRUCTURAL UNITS OF MATTER AS SOLUTIONS OF THE SYSTEM OF NONLINEAR ETHER EQUATIONS
Magnitskii N.A.
Abstract. Over the past five years the company "New Inflow" conducted theoretical and experimental studies aimed at promoting a new concept of creating energy devices. At the request of the company the author created a logically consistent mathematical theory of physical vacuum (ether), which allows to understand the mechanisms of appearance of matter and its transformation into energy. Separate sections of the theory were published in various scientific journals of the world. In the present paper, the mathematical models of electron, proton and neutron are presented in the form of wave solutions of the nonlinear system of ether equations derived from the laws of classical mechanics. The definitions and formulas for calculating of their charge, energy, mass and magnetic moments are given. Numerical values of the magnetic moments are almost exactly the same as the experimental so-called "anomalous" values. Representations of the Planck constant and the fine structure constant through the parameters of the ether are obtained. The value of the fine structure constant calculated according to the formulas of the ether theory is also almost exactly the same as its experimental value. The law of  universality of elementary particle charges, the absence of the charge of neutron, the lack of mass, charge and magnetic moment of neutrino, the mechanism of particle birth and antiparticles  from the photon of twice energy and the mechanism of particle annihilation are theoretically grounded and validated by formulas of the ether theory.
Keywords: ether, electron, proton, neutron, charge, energy, mass, magnetic moment, the fine structure constant, Planck's constant.

The Complex systems no. 3 (12) 2014

From the Editorial Board. Problems of science. Ivanov O.P., Vinnik M.A.                               
Basic researches
ECO-EVO-DEVO-PERSPECTIVE: NEW POSSIBILITIES OF INTERDISCIPLINARY
SYNTHESIS OF KNOWLEDGE
Knyazeva H.N.
Abstract. Studies in the field of evolutionary epistemology, conducted by followers of Konrad Lorenz at the Institute for Evolution and cognition in Altenberg situated not far from Vienna, go on nowadays. The modern trend is the search of ways of integration of the approach to understanding of evolution of biological species, of the approach to study of the individual development of living organisms and of the ecological approach, which begins to be successfully applied very wide not only in natural sciences but also in the humanities and social sciences. This trend has got a new name of eco-evo-devo-perspective. On the basis of K. Lorenz ethology and of his successors, cognitive biology is now under development. Cognitive biology embodies the convergence of cognitive sciences, life sciences and complexity studies. As a basis for it, some attitudes proposed by the Austrian biologist Paul Alfred Weiss (1898-1989) and the Austrian founder of the general system theory Ludwig von Bertalanffy (1901-1972) are accepted. These scholars introduced the very term “theoretical biology”. The theoretical biology in its modern scientific context represents comprehensive, cross-disciplinary integration of concepts. The theoretical biology involves studies in genetic components of changes, of evolution and development, i.e. studies of interconnection between evolution and development, between phylogenesis and ontogenesis. The theoretical biology includes all modern theoretical approaches, namely computational biology, biosemiotics, cognitive studies, naturalistic shifts in philosophy of science and in epistemology.
Keywords: eco-evo-devo-perspective, cognitive biology, interdisciplinarity, interdisciplinary synthesis of knowledge, complexity, complex systems, holism, ecological approach.

New ideas, approaches
THE ROLE OF AMPHIBIAN EGGS CASE IN ADAPTATION OF THE ORGANISM TO EXTERNAL INFLUENCES
Burlakov A.B., Burlakova O.V., Golichenkov V.A., Korolev Yu.N.
Abstract.. Using the spectroscopic technique of attenuated total refraction (ATR) of polarized light in the IR-region we are followed the changes of space organization of biopolymers in the eggs case of amphibian.  It was shown, that the space organization of  biopolymers changes during variation of temperature, but only in case of lively embryo. According to factual evidence the eggs case of amphibian plays the protective role during exposure to weak and ultra-weak electromagnetic irradiation on the developing embryo. It was discussed the ability of the covers to regulate the influence of environment on developing embryo as active transformational filters. 
Keywords:  amphibian, eggs case, protective role, electromagnetic irradiation

Experiments, opening, practice
REPARATIVE PROCESSES IN THE PIGMENT SYSTEM IN THE PERIOD OF THE LARVAL  DEVELOPMENT OF ANURA
Molchanov A.Yu., Tochilo U.A., Vinogradskaya I.S., Suprunenko E.A., Burlakova O.V., Golichenkov V.A.
Abstract. Provides information about the regeneration of the pigment system-restore damaged melanophores of Xenopus laevis  larvae. Showing differences in regenerative processes at different stages of development   in different light conditions.  Reviewed contribution to restoring the number of pigment cells mitotic activity melanophores and differentiation of progenitor forms due to the speciatity of the stages of development stages of development of pigment system.  These dates  support  the system organization of the skin pigment cells of  larval amphibians.
Keywords: pigment systems, melanophores, metamorphosis,  amphibian, ontogenesis, regeneration.

Debatable aspects
THE PROPERTIES OF PHOTON. EXPERIMENTS AND  THEORY
Boldyreva L. B.
Abstract. There are several concepts of photon used in the descriptions of optical phenomena: photon as a classical wave packet having an electrical and magnetic components; photon as a hypothetical elementary particle having a kinetic mass; photon as an excited state of the light field, determining quantum correlations of photons. The paper shows that the endowing of the physical vacuum with the properties of superfluid 3Не-В (the vacuum with such properties is referred to as the superfluid physical vacuum – SPV) makes it possible to explain the photon properties. The magnetic properties are due to the SPV motion; the electric properties are determined by the SPV electric polarization in the vortices produced in the photon motion; the spin and kinetic mass is due to spin polarization of the vortices and the change in the inertial properties of the SPV in the vortices, respectively; quantum correlations are caused by spin supercurrent, the speed of supercurrent as an inertia free process is greater than the speed of light in the vacuum.
Keywords: photon, speed of light, spin of photon, kinetic mass of photon, quantum correlations, spin supercurrent, superfluid physical vacuum.

The Complex systems no. 2 (11) 2014

Basic researches
COMPLEXITY
Danilov Yu.A.
Abstract. Stated lack of a common understanding of the " complexity " in modern nonlinear dynamics . Provides an overview of the different interpretations of "complexity " and explains their failure. Underlines the need for information processing theory of nonlinear dynamic systems .
Period of " storm and stress "  experienced by the last decades of the nonlinear dynamics is characterized not only the rapid conquest of the "new territories ", but lack of rigorous definitions of some important concepts . This is explained not only inevitable but also haste,  perhaps conscious reluctance authors introduce strict definitions.
Keywords: complexity , nonlinear dynamics , fractals , self-similarity
FEATURES NORTHERN HEMISPHERE ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION IN THE LATE TWENTIETH - BEGINNING OF XXI CENTURY AND THEIR REFLECTION IN CLIMATE
Kononova N.K.
Abstract. Fluctuations of the Northern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation in the ХХ - XXI century in classification by BL Dzerdzeevskii, VM Kurganskaya and ZM Vitvitskaya are considered. The three circulation epochs shift for this time are characterized. The dynamic schemes and graphs of long-term changes of the total annual duration of circulation patterns prevailing in a particular epoch are given. The relationship between long-term fluctuations of average surface temperature of the Northern Hemisphere and the global and changes in atmospheric circulation are identified. Noted that the last period (1998 to present) have the highest number of simultaneous blocking processes in the Northern Hemisphere and in Russia in particular. This situation leads to an increase in the duration of the anti-cyclonic circulation over the continents in summer and winter, which in turn causes an increase in the amplitude of the annual air temperature for the Northern Hemisphere as a whole, and in most regions of Russia. Last negative impact on all economic activity.
Keywords: atmospheric circulation, elementary circulation mechanism (ECM), air temperature, Northern Hemisphere, Russia.

New ideas, approaches
NETWORK STRUCTURES, HIERARCHIES, AND (QUASI) MARKETS IN BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS, HUMAN SOCIETY, AND TECHNICAL INFORMATIONAL SYSTEMS. Classification Criteria
Oleskin A. V.
Abstract. This work focuses on the currently widely used concept of network structures (networks), which is applied to biological, social, and technical systems. It is emphasized that this concept is used according to at least two different meanings: (1) in the general sense (sensu lato): a network is any system that consists of nodes (vertices) connected by links (edges); in this sense, the term “network” is synonymous with the mathematical term “graph” and (2) in the more specific sense (sensu stricto): a network is a distributed, decentralized, cooperative system that is contrasted with hierarchical structures containing a single activity center (the leader, the pacemaker) as well as with (quasi)market structures where interactivity among its elements is predominantly based upon competition and not cooperation. Sensu stricto networks can be subdivided into a number of organizational subtypes.  It is stressed that quantitative criteria, which has been developed in terms of modern network science, can be used for distinguishing networks (sensu stricto), hierarchies, and (quasi)markets. In particular,  different node centrality measures (degree, betweenness, closeness, and eigenvector centrality) display concordant behavior in hierarchies, whereas they are discordant in networks. Ecological plus and minus criteria set networks apart from (quasi)markets; these two structures also differ with respect to their clustering coefficients. 
Keywords: network structures (networks), hierarchies, (quasi)markets, flat networks, three-dimensional networks, criteria of node centrality.

Debatable aspects
COHERENT PHENOMENA OF DE BROGLIE WAVES OF ELECTRONS AND IONS IN THE PLASMOID IN ELECTRONEGATIVE ATMOSPHERE DEFENDING THE EARTH AGAINST METEOROIDS.
PART 2. Railgun with the space charge
Vysikaylo Ph.I.
Abstract. By the phenomena accompanying the meteoroid Chelyabinsk 2013, it is analytically studied 4D inertial polarization quantum -dissipative cumulatively coherent self-defense mechanism of the Earth from comets and small meteoroids . The parameters of the cumulative jet of high-energy electrons in the Vysikailo’s railgun that behave coherently as electromagnetic radiation in the laser inertial forces implementing the energy stored in the plasmoid in the meteoroid and periodically blasting his Coulomb forces, destroying it and accelerating its parts, including the direction of its movement. The proposed mechanism of cumulative-dissipative railgun can be applied to develop a completely new aircraft moving in atomosfere Earth at a speed of about 20 km / c.
Keywords: cumulation, dissipation, the positively charged plasmoid, cumulative jet, synergy, libration-cumulation point,  strata, cumulative-dissipative structures, meteorite explosion, lightning.

The Complex systems no. 1 (10) 2014

Basic researches
Potentially-STREAMING methods and modern non-equilibrium thermodynamics
Bykov V.I., Starostin I.E., Khalutin S.P.
Abstract. In this paper the relationship developed by the authors in their earlier work published potentially streaming method with modern non-equilibrium thermodynamics (rational thermodynamics). In the framework of modern non-equilibrium thermodynamics allocated quantities characterizing the state of non-equilibrium systems - state variables. From thermodynamics, this is also known that equilibrium processes cause percolation are thermodynamic forces in the system. As was shown earlier by the authors, the relationship of thermodynamic forces at speeds flow of non-equilibrium processes (rates of change of state variables) in the general case can be given by the equations potentially streaming method, and it, along with the conservation equations, and gives the possibility of a closed system of equations for the dynamics of non-equilibrium processes. This relationship is characterized by the introduction the author under potentially streaming method matrix susceptibilities, which are determined by the properties of the system, characterizing features of the occurrence of non-equilibrium processes under the influence of thermodynamic forces. State parameters in the equations potentially streaming method, are part of the collection of variables used in rational thermodynamics and thermodynamic forces associated with the quantities used in rational thermodynamics. In this paper, the authors obtain equations potentially record streaming method in these quantities.
Keywords: modern non-equilibrium thermodynamics, potentially streaming method, the equations of dynamics of non-equilibrium processes.

New ideas, approaches
QUANTUM NONLOCALITY. EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION IN ENGINEERING AND BIOLOGY
Boldyreva L.B.
Abstract. Two types of quantum nonlocality are discussed: 1) the action of vector potential on the characteristics of quantum entities, i.e. the entities whose state is described by wave function; 2) the quantum correlations of the characteristics of quantum entities. The main properties of quantum correlations are presented (the properties do not depend on the distance, no energy is consumed, the correlations take place for the quantum entities with both zero and non-zero rest-mass, etc.). Examples are given of some applications of nonlocality in engineering (electronic microscopes, the determination of magnetic fields in superconductors, the changing of differential absorption spectrum for normal saline, the emission of laser beam, the production of non-classical light, the determination of accuracy of photocells) and in biology (the changing of infusorium motion activity, the effects on glycometabolism, the effects on blood, the intercellular correlations).
The work also discusses the physical process that is responsible for quantum correlations in such macrosystem as superfluid 3He-B. An analogy is shown between the above properties of quantum correlations and the properties of spin supercurrents in superfluid 3He-B. It is noteworthy that spin supercurrents are accompanied by no mass transfer.
Keywords: quantum nonlocality, quantum correlations, wave function, vector potential in quantum nonlocality, spin supercurrent, model of superfluid physical vacuum.
ON A QUESTION TO THE CALCULATION OF THE RESISTANCE FORCE AXIS SYMMETRICAL BODES IN THE VISCOUS MEDIA.  
Gladkov S.O., Bogdanova S.B.
Abstract. Due to the basic equations of  hydrodynamics (the both equations Navier -Stokes and continuity) the force of resistance are calculated in case axial symmetric body free form. For laminar flux (when number Reynolds , where  the speed of the flux on infinity,  the liner size of  the body in perpendicular to the axis  symmetry direction,  is the kinematic viscosity) the fundamental expression for the resistance force on per length of body was find.
Keywords. Navier - Stokes equation, viscosity, laminar flux, number Reynolds, axis symmetrical body, dynamic equation.

Debatable aspects
COHERENT PHENOMENA OF DE BROGLIE ELECTRONS AND IONS WAVES IN THE PLASMOID IN ELECTRONEGATIVE ATMOSPHERE DEFENDING THE EARTH  AGAINST METEOROIDS
Vysikaylo Ph.I.
Abstract. The 4D polarization quantum-kinetic cumulative-dissipative mechanism of the Earth’s self-defense from meteors is proposed. For the rapidly moving (10-30 km / s) object in the Earth's atmosphere, the air is heated and intense ionized. More mobile electrons escape from the ionization region of the plasma, the exercise of its polarization. Huge power capacitor breaks cumulative jet (CJ) of the electrons. CJ of high-energy electrons focuses the energy in the meteoroid and blows it by Coulomb forces. In the first part of the paper an analysis of phenomena due to violation of the neutrality of the plasma in nature is presented.
Keywords: cumulation, dissipation, the positively charged plasmoid, cumulative jet, synergy, libration-cumulation point,  strata, cumulative-dissipative structures, meteorite explosion, lightning.