The Complex systems no. 1 2011
From Editor  3
Basic researches
FROM NANO - TO THE MACROCOSM OF FATIGUE FAILURE OF METALS:
QUANTUM EFFECTS AND AVTOMODELITY
A.A. Schaniavskii
Abstract. Sequence of fatigue cracking processes and cascade of bifurcation transitions
from one to another scale levels of material cracking have been considered based on the synergetical approach. It was shown that fatigue cracking is self-organized process of energy accommodation and dissipation on the different scale levels. Transitions from one to another
scale level take place as self-organized material behavior that is why it is material properties
to carry out his stability switching on more and more complicated evolution processes in increasing time of evolution. At the beginning of cracking metals behavior is the same as quasiclosed system but then transition to full open system takes place. Influence on the material
surface to increase durability has not effect because origin subsurface and metals behave as
quasi-closed system.
Mechanisms of subsurface damages accumulation have been discussed and shown that
dominated: rotation instability of material plastic deformation in hydrostatic compression
conditions, which has influence of residual stresses, and, additionally, diffusion rest gases or
other component activated process material destruction in dependent of the chemical composition.
Flat surface and spherical particles around occurred because of considered mechanism.
Subsurface material cracking is absolutely self-organized and has influence of the quantization
of crack increments.

New ideas, approaches
FROM COMPLEX SYSTEMS TO COGNITIVE TECHNOLOGIES
G.G. Malinetskii
Abstract. There is realistic opportunity for creating cognitive branch of industry,
which is comparative one with computer technologies now. We discus scientific, organization,
technological preconditions for it.
COMPLEXITY AS CATEGORY OF THE EVOLUTION
O.P. Ivanov
Abstract. The brief history of formation of representations on a category "complexity"
is submitted in the article. Modern interpretations of the term in various sciences are shown.
The system approach to understanding of complexity is most full stated. The opportunity of
the analysis of evolution of biosphere and a noosphere on a category complexity is proved.
This approach allows understanding numerous reasons of occurrence of global environmental
human problems.

Debatable aspects
TO ELECTRODYNAMICS OF PHYSICAL VACUUM
N.A. Magnitskii
Abstract. In work, proceeding from the equations of physical vacuum deduced on the
basis of laws of classical mechanics, the system of the equations describing distribution of
waves in physical vacuum and invariant concerning Galilee transformations is received. It is
proved, that the received system of the equations of electrodynamics of physical vacuum possesses solutions, derivatives from which are solutions of classical system of Maxwell equations and describe distribution of plane electromagnetic waves both in case of so-called empty space, and at presence in it of charges and currents. Thus, it is proved, that from a postulate of existence of physical vacuum the conclusions follow about artificiality and insufficient correctness of Maxwell equations, about validity of laws and the equations of classical mechanics concerning the electromagnetic phenomena and about an inaccuracy of the basic postulate of the special theory of a relativity about a constancy of speed of light in any inertial system of readout.
THEORETICAL CALCULATION OF THE ENERGY RELEASED IN CHEMICAL
REACTIONS
M.A. Vinnik
Abstract. Theoretically calculated energy balance of the molecules (MnCO3), (CaSO4),
(BaCO3) in chemical reactions. The theoretical calculations of these molecules are completely
consistent with experimental data.